Overview
Diabetic neuropathy is a form of nerve injury that can emerge as a result of diabetes. High blood sugar (glucose) levels can harm nerves all over your body but mostly affect the nerves in the legs and feet. Diabetic neuropathy symptoms can range from discomfort and numbness in your legs and feet to complications with your digestive system, urinary tract, blood vessels, and heart, depending on which nerves are impacted. Some people only experience minor signs and symptoms; while for others, it can be quite stressful. Diabetic neuropathy is a severe diabetes syndrome that affects up to 50% of people with the disease. However, proper blood sugar management and a healthy lifestyle can typically avoid or slow the progression of diabetic neuropathy.Request an Appointment!
Diabetic Neuropathy: Types & Symptoms
There are four main types of diabetic neuropathy. You can have one or several types of neuropathy.
Your symptoms will be determined by the type of nerve damage you have and which nerves are affected. Usually, symptoms develop gradually. It’s possible that you won’t notice a thing until significant nerve damage has happened.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Another term used is distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy of this sort is the most frequent. The feet and legs are initially affected, followed by the hands and arms. The following are some of the signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy that are often worse at night:- Numbness or reduced ability to feel temperature changes or pain
- Tingling or burning sensation
- Sharp pains or cramps
- Increased sensitivity to touch
- Severe foot problems, such as bone and joint discomfort, infections, ulcers, etc.
Autonomic Neuropathy
The autonomic nerve system regulates your heart, bladder, stomach, intestines, sex organs, and eyes. Diabetic nerve injury can occur in any of these regions, resulting in the following symptoms:
- Low blood sugar levels go unnoticed due to a lack of awareness
- Bladder or bowel problems
- Causing a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and Gastroparesis (slow stomach emptying)
- Changes in the capacity of your eyes to adapt from light to dark
Proximal Neuropathy
This type of neuropathy, also known as diabetic amyotrophy or diabetic polyradiculopathy, frequently affects the nerves in the thighs, hips, buttocks, or legs. However, it might impact the chest and abdomen as well. The symptoms normally appear on one side of the body, although they can move to the other.
You may have:
- Severe hip, thigh, or buttock pain
- Eventual weak and shrinking thigh muscles
- Difficulty rising from a sitting position
- Severe stomach pain
Mononeuropathy
Mononeuropathy is classified as either cranial or peripheral. Damage to a specific nerve is referred to as mononeuropathy. Mononeuropathy may also lead to:
- Difficulty focusing or double vision
- Aching behind one eye
- Numbness on one side of your face
- Except for your pinkie, tingling or numbness in your hand or fingers.
- Weakness in your hand might cause you to drop things
When To See A Doctor
Seek an appointment with specialists at Painmd, if you have:- You have an infected or non-healing cut on your foot.
- Burning, trembling, weakness, or discomfort in your hands or feet that impacts everyday activities or sleep
- Changes in digestion, and urination
- Dizziness and fainting
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Causes
Neuropathy’s exact cause is unknown. Researchers believe that untreated high blood sugar destroys nerves and interferes with their ability to send signals over time, resulting in diabetic neuropathy. Likewise, blood sugar also weakens the walls of capillaries, which deliver oxygen and nutrients to the nerves.Risk factors
Anyone who has diabetes can develop neuropathy. However, the following risk factors make nerve injury more likely:Poor Blood Sugar Control
Uncontrolled blood sugar increases the chance of every diabetic complication, including nerve damage.Diabetes History
The longer you have diabetes the risk of diabetic neuropathy rises, especially if your blood sugar isn’t well maintained.Kidney Disease
When the kidneys fail, toxins enter the blood and cause nerve damage.Being Overweight
A BMI of 25 or higher increases your risk of acquiring diabetic neuropathy.Smoking
Smoking causes your arteries to narrow and harden, limiting blood flow to your legs and feet. This makes the healing process more difficult and harms peripheral nerves.Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnosis
- Overall muscle strength and tone
- Tendon reflexes
- Sensitivity to touch and vibration
Filament Test
Brushing a soft nylon fiber (monofilament) on your skin to test your sensitivity to touch.Sensory Testing
Non-invasive test to check how your nerves respond to vibration and changes in temperature.Nerve Conduction Testing
This test is often performed to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. It tests the electrical conductivity of the nerves in your arms and legs.Muscle Response Testing
Electromyography is often done with nerve conduction studies. This procedure measures the electrical discharge produced by muscles.Autonomic Testing
Depending on your position and whether you sweat normally, special tests may be performed to measure your blood pressure.Diabetic Nerve Damage Treatment
- Opioids are used to treat 50 percent of diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients
- Anti-inflammatory medicines are used by 40% of people.
- Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used by 20% of patients (SSRI)
- Tricyclic inhibitors are used by 11% of people.
- Anticonvulsants are used by 11% of people (Neurontin and Lyrica)
Combined Therapy At Padda Institute
Specialists at Padda Institute use combined therapy to successfully treat diabetic neuropathy. The therapy combines two well-known techniques into a program. It is showing significant promise as a treatment for diabetic and idiopathic neuropathies. Combination therapy consists of two procedures, a local anesthetic Ankle Block and Electronic Signal Therapy (EST), which utilizes a highly sophisticated electro anesthetic wave generator.Ankle Block
Five nerves important for sensory supply distal to the ankle are targeted by the ankle block. Four branches of the sciatic nerve (superficial peroneal, deep peroneal, sural, and posterior tibial nerve) and a cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve (the saphenous nerve) comprise the nerves. The common peroneal and tibial nerves are two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve.Electronic Signal Treatment
EST uses electrical signals to regenerate nerves and increase blood flow by stimulating nerve function in the damaged areas. Electronic signal treatment relies on both varied amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) of electronic signals using computer-controlled, exogenously delivered specific parameters of cell signals. When applied to the human body, this digitally created electronic sinusoidal alternating current with associated harmonics creates scientifically documented and/or theorized physiological consequences. The electronic signal treatment medical device employs sophisticated communications technology to generate and transfer higher frequency signal energy via customized electrodes in a constantly altering sequential and random manner. This switching between sequential and random electronic signal supply removes neuron accommodation. With the use of 0.25 percent Marcaine, a local anesthetic, and a vasodilator (opens blood vessels for a short time to enhance blood flow). When your nerves are stimulated, they receive more blood flow, which results in faster regeneration. Combined therapy is believed to:- Increases cellular growth
- Increases Metabolic Activity
- Reduces swelling around the nerve
- Stimulates nerve function
- Directly increases blood and oxygen to the nerves
- Promotes wound healing
- Anti-inflammatory action
- Reduces scar tissue development