Dealing with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain is tough. The usual ways to help, like therapy, have been pretty good, but a newer approach called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) seems really promising. ACT isn’t just about handling PTSD and anxiety. It also looks at chronic pain, offering a fresh way to deal with these tough challenges. It’s all about accepting things, being mindful, and living based on what’s important to you. We will explore the fundamentals of ACT and its role in PTSD and other Anxiety Disorder Treatments.
ACT is based on the idea that psychological suffering is caused by the attempt to avoid or control unpleasant internal experiences, such as thoughts, emotions, sensations, and memories. The therapy seeks to disrupt this cycle by instructing individuals to accept their internal experiences without attempting to alter or erase them.
In the process, ACT assists individuals in identifying their values—those meaningful aspects of life. These values serve as a guiding force, providing direction and motivation to undertake actions that resonate with one’s true self and aspirations.
ACT uses six core processes to help people achieve psychological flexibility. These are:
The willingness to embrace thoughts, feelings, sensations, and memories without attempting to control them.
The ability to see thoughts as mental events rather than facts or reality and reduce their impact by detaching from them.
The ability to pay attention to the present moment with openness and curiosity rather than dwelling on the past or worrying about the future.
Observing oneself from a broader perspective instead of identifying with thoughts, feelings, roles, or labels.
The ability to clarify what is important and meaningful in one’s life and to use it as a guide.
The ability to take steps toward one’s values despite obstacles or challenges.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is effective in addressing a range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and stress. It excels in managing conditions like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain by fostering acceptance, mindfulness, and alignment with personal values, empowering individuals to lead more fulfilling and resilient lives.





ACT therapy sessions can vary depending on the therapist, the client, and the specific goals and issues. However, a typical ACT therapy session may include the following stages:
Establishing Rapport and Setting the Agenda: The therapist and the client build a trusting and collaborative relationship and agree on the topics and goals for the session.
Reviewing Homework and Progress: The therapist and the client review the homework assignments from the previous session and discuss the progress and challenges that the client has experienced.
Introducing and Practicing Core Processes: The therapist and the client work on one or more of the six core processes of ACT, using various techniques and exercises, such as metaphors, stories, worksheets, role-plays, and experiential exercises.
Assigning Homework and Summarizing: The therapist will employ ACT techniques for experiential insight, using metaphors or role-playing, to establish small, value-driven behavioral goals for practical application.
ACT is a type of psychotherapy that can help people with PTSD cope with their trauma and live a more fulfilling and meaningful life. ACT can help people with PTSD develop psychological flexibility, which is the ability to accept their internal experiences, identify their values, and take committed actions. ACT is an effective therapy for PTSD and can be combined with other anxiety disorder treatments, such as medication if needed.
At the Padda Institute, we understand the complexities of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and our team of dedicated Acceptance and Commitment therapists in St. Louis is here to guide you through the process. With compassion and expertise, we tailor our approach to meet your unique needs, fostering acceptance and commitment to a more resilient future. If you want to know more about ACT therapy, please schedule an appointment with one of our therapists who specializes in ACT.
Summary: New data suggests persistent pain is more common in older adults than thought. It appears that more than one-third of adults older than 65 are living with persistent pain and another one-third with intermittent pain. It means that less than one-third of older adults are relatively pain-free. A higher prevalence of pain in older adults is associated with much worse physical and mental health.
Pain is the most common reason for people seeking medical attention. Though the estimates vary, studies suggest that about one in five Americans is living with chronic pain at any given time. It is a kind of pain that lasts for more than three months. In fact, about 5% of adults are living with significant pain. This explains why so many adults are using opioids to manage pain.
Persistent pain is theoretically even worse than chronic pain. It is a kind of pain that would not respond well to painkillers. Thus, people living with persistent pain continue to experience the pain despite the treatment.
However, when we look at pain statistics, it is vital to understand that persistent pain is much more common in older adults. After all, older adults are often living with various physical and mental health issues. However, persistent pain can make things worse for such adults.
It is vital to realize the extent of the problem. Studies suggest that more than one-third of adults older than 65 years are living with persistent pain, and another one-third are living with intermittent pain. Thus, less than one-third of adults are living a pain-free life. Those are massive numbers, and they show the scale of the problem.
Managing pain in older adults is challenging due to its dual-sided relationship with physical and mental health issues. Pain may result from some physical ailment, but consistent pain makes a recovery from physical ailments even more difficult.
Similarly, persistent pain is quite likely to lead to depression and anxiety. What is even more complicated is that mental health issues like depression significantly increase the risk of chronic pain or persistent pain. It means that those living with depression are less likely to benefit from painkillers and continue to report pain, which may further worsen their mental health.
So, as one can see, a vicious circle is formed in older adults; pain worsens physical and mental health, and physical and mental health issues cause persistent pain. It simply underlines the challenges involved in managing persistent pain in older adults. Such adults would need a multi-dimensional approach to manage persistent pain.
It means that doctors would need to counter their pain effectively and, at the same time, manage physical and mental health issues. Only such a multi-dimensional approach can ensure a cure.
Researchers say that there is firm evidence persistent pain considerably increases the risk of depression and anxiety in older adults. Also, those living with persistent pain are more likely to have a heart attack, stroke, or even cancer. Further, lower mood caused by pain means that these people were less likely to engage in self-care, eating, hygiene, and dressing.
Doctors say that there is only one good news persistent pain does not appear to result in cognitive impairment, and it does not seem to increase dementia risk.
Researchers suggest that clinicians should keep in mind that persistent pain prevalence is exceptionally high in older adults, and they should alter their treatment strategies accordingly. In addition, doctors must give special attention to managing persistent pain, as without it, they cannot expect to have better treatment outcomes.
Summary: The study found a link between the oral microbiome and PTSD in veterans who fought in the 1982 Lebanon War, revealing similar patterns of bacteria in saliva for those with PTSD and high levels of psychopathology. This groundbreaking discovery could lead to new, objective methods for diagnosing PTSD, including post-traumatic stress disorder treatment options.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious condition that affects many veterans, and early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. One of the main challenges in diagnosing PTSD in veterans is symptom overlap. PTSD symptoms can overlap with other conditions, such as depression and anxiety, making it difficult to distinguish between them. Another challenge is the stigma associated with mental health disorders; many veterans may be reluctant to seek help for PTSD.
Additionally, a lack of understanding of PTSD and its symptoms among some healthcare providers may lead to missed or delayed diagnoses. Furthermore, veterans have often experienced multiple traumatic events, making it harder to pinpoint a specific cause of their PTSD symptoms. Lastly, PTSD is often comorbid with other medical or mental health conditions, making it harder to diagnose.
Despite these challenges, early diagnosis and treatment of PTSD in veterans is crucial for improving their quality of life and reducing the risk of suicide. Therefore, it is important to overcome these challenges and provide veterans with the support and care they need to manage their PTSD.
One of the issues that doctors face in the early diagnosis of PTSD is the lack of any objective test, biomarker, or reliable lab test. It means that the condition is mainly diagnosed through history taking. It often results in delays in the diagnosis. However, in recent years, researchers have been focusing on developing a reliable biomarker for an early diagnosis of the condition. A new study suggests that measuring changes in the oral microbiome in veterans may help identify PTSD early enough. This new study was recently published in the journal The Molecular Psychiatry.
The study focused on a group of approximately 200 Israeli veterans who had fought in the 1982 Lebanon War. These participants were selected from a larger cohort that had been part of a 40-year study led by Prof. Solomon. The veterans were evaluated for various psychological factors, such as sleep disorders, guilt, suicidal thoughts, social support, satisfaction with life, demographic information, psychopathology, welfare, health, and education.
The researchers from Tel Aviv and Haifa Universities found that veterans with PTSD and high levels of psychopathology had similar patterns of bacteria in their saliva. This is the first time that such a link has been identified. The researchers believe this discovery could lead to new, objective methods for diagnosing PTSD. They also found that exposure to air pollution was associated with higher PTSD risk. In contrast, higher levels of education had a protective effect on the oral microbiome.
Prof. Illana Gozes, the lead researcher, noted that about a third of the veterans with PTSD had never been officially diagnosed, despite displaying symptoms. She emphasized that this study may allow for a more accurate diagnosis of PTSD in the future by taking into account both behavioral and biological markers.
Of course, these are still early days in understanding how PTSD influences various body functions. Nonetheless, this study shows that an objective assessment of the condition is possible. For example, one way of early diagnosis could be by looking for microbial signatures.
It is our mission to bring real hope and transformational change to patients who would otherwise be consigned to a lifetime of medications, doctor’s visits, and suffering. We expose misaligned incentives and return the power of health to the individual. We believe empowered individuals change their communities. We use a combination of lifestyle intervention, medication management, and emerging scientific research to help our patients. When you are ready or have questions, reach out.
Medical Disclaimer: Keep in mind that the content provided is not direct medical advice for patient care, but is provided for thoughtful discussion.
Summary: Misophonia is quite a common neurological condition affecting about 20% of the population. Early studies suggest that it occurs due to a stronger connection between the auditory cortex and the motor control area. However, studies show that there is more to it, and the condition seems to occur due to stronger connections with inula. Misophonia is quite a common condition, and yet a poorly explored condition. It is a benign condition. Nonetheless, it may suggest improper brain wiring, hyper-responsiveness of certain brain centers, and an even greater risk of neurological and mental health disorders.
Studies suggest that about 20% of people are living with misophonia. These are people who feel irritated and want to flee when they hear the sound of chewing or other repetitive sounds. In addition, they might feel disgusted by specific sounds. Despite the condition being so common, very few efforts have been made to understand the condition, and thus its clinical relevance remains ununderstood. However, early studies show that the condition occurs due to supersensitive connections between the auditory cortex and orofacial motor control areas. It means that the nerves of the face and mouth are hyperresponsive to certain sounds.
While misophonia remains poorly understood, research suggests that individuals with the condition are at higher risk of developing various mental health issues, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression. Seeking treatment from migraine headache relief and anxiety disorder specialists may be beneficial for those who experience symptoms of misophonia and its related disorders. As new studies emerge, it is essential to gain a better understanding of this condition and how to treat it effectively.
In the new study, participants were exposed to repetitive sounds known to induce misophonia, and their brains were scanned with the help of fMRI to understand precisely what brain regions are activated. The study found that when participants were not doing anything, these repetitive sounds appeared to show a stronger connection between the auditory cortex and orofacial motor control area, like in previous studies.
However, things changed when they asked the participants to produce sounds by mouth. They found that quite a different brain area became activated in the participants. Thus, researchers say that what appears to be the orofacial region may be a completely different brain area. They found that it is rather a strong connection to the brain area linked to disgust and intense emotional responses. Instead, the new study suggests that these responses in misophonia occur due to a stronger connection with the insula.
This study also expands the understanding of misophonia, as it shows that misophonia is not merely about disgust at sounds of chewing or those produced by mouth. It also shows that different sounds might cause such reactions or irritation and may initiate various emotional responses.
These are still the early days of exploring misophonia. Nonetheless, researchers say it is important to understand this widespread condition better. In addition, understanding its underlying mechanism may help develop a better understanding of the working of the brain. Further, learning more about misophonia may help develop better treatments for conditions that are more commonly found in those living with the condition. For example, it may help find better treatment for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other emotional health disorders.
It is our mission to bring real hope and transformational change to patients who would otherwise be consigned to a lifetime of medications, doctor’s visits, and suffering. We expose misaligned incentives and return the power of health to the individual. We believe empowered individuals change their communities. We use a combination of lifestyle intervention, medication management, and emerging scientific research to help our patients. When you are ready or have questions, reach out.
Medical Disclaimer: Keep in mind that the content provided is not direct medical advice for patient care, but is provided for thoughtful discussion.
Summary: Although most people may experience episodes of loneliness, most can overcome their loneliness. However, some people experience persistent loneliness, increasing their risk of physical and mental health issues. A new study suggests that certain ethnicities, people living in poverty and with low community involvement, are more likely to struggle with persistent loneliness.
All people go through difficult times. There are times when we feel lonely or even prefer to stay that way for some time. Being lonely may sometimes even help sort out things. However, prolonged loneliness is altogether a different thing. It may be frustrating, at least. Prolonged loneliness may increase the risk of mental health issues such as anxiety disorder and post traumatic stress disorder. It may even negatively impact physical health. It is not something people would like to experience. Nonetheless, many people suffer from excessive and prolonged loneliness, and researchers have identified certain risk factors for lasting loneliness.
There are certain times when people are more likely to feel lonely, like during the covid-19 pandemic. Social isolation increases the risk of people feeling lonely. However, it is vital to minimize episodes of loneliness to prevent its adverse impact on mental and physical health.
In the new study, researchers surveyed 641 individuals via telephone. Surveyed individuals had an average age of 63. Of course, the study was done intentionally in the older population group, as older people are likelier to be lonely. In the survey, 16% of participants reported persistent loneliness. Another 22% said that though they felt lonely at the beginning of the pandemic, they later adapted. These findings were published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society1.
In the study, researchers paid particular attention to individuals who reported that they could overcome their loneliness with time. And they found that out of them, 53% were white participants, and only 18% were Hispanic/Latinx. It means that certain ethnicities struggle to overcome loneliness, thus putting them at risk of various health issues and even substance use disorders.
Similarly, they found a considerable link between socioeconomic status and the ability to overcome loneliness. Thus, 71% of those living above poverty could overcome their loneliness, compared to 29% of those living in poverty.
Researchers noted that overcoming loneliness may be more difficult for certain ethnic groups or those living in poverty. However, certain intrinsic traits also decide whether one would be able to overcome loneliness. For example, those who can overcome loneliness better connect with others and develop social relationships.
The study found that among those who were able to overcome loneliness, only 26% were socially isolated, compared to 40% who remained lonely. Here it is also vital to understand that older adults are more likely to live with one or another kind of chronic ailment like diabetes, stroke, and cancer. Thus, such individuals are at a greater risk of feeling lonely.
Though the link between poverty and loneliness is relatively easy to explain, but it is more difficult to understand why certain ethnic groups are at a greater risk. It appears that it has to do with the culture of specific population groups. For example, Hispanics and Latinx generally have larger families and are more likely to have family get-togethers. However, social distancing during the pandemic made such gatherings difficult, and thus these ethnic groups experienced greater loneliness.
Similarly, certain ethnic groups are more religious. However, social distancing means fewer events and services, which may also make things worse. As far as people living in poverty are concerned, they have fewer ways of connecting with friends virtually and poor access to medical help, tests, and so on. Thus, these factors may influence their ability to socialize. Similarly, people living in poverty lack personal transport. Therefore, they traveled less during the pandemic.
Other factors not related to ethnicity or socioeconomic background that may considerably increase the risk of persistent loneliness are issues like chronic illness, widowhood, disability, mental health issues, and so on. Researchers say that in the time of the pandemic when people are at a greater risk of experiencing persistent loneliness, there is a need to use interventions like peer support, friendship lines, and so on. Anxiety disorder specialists and all the scenarios suggest to pay closer look to mental health treatments including post-traumatic stress disorder treatment.
If you’re struggling with chronic pain, you don’t have to suffer in silence. Dr. Padda and the Center for Interventional Pain Management in St. Louis, Missouri, offer effective treatments for a range of conditions, including complex regional pain syndrome treatment, sciatica pain management, pancreatic pain treatment, and chronic pain management. As a board-certified specialist in pain management, addiction, and anesthesia, Dr. Padda has the expertise to provide targeted relief that can significantly improve your mobility and overall well-being. He and his team of healthcare professionals offer personalized care that targets the root causes of your pain and symptoms.
At the Center for Interventional Pain Management, they prioritize non-opioid medication for pain management to minimize the risks associated with opioid medications and promote safer, more effective pain relief. They also take a global approach to pain management that addresses all aspects of your pain, including the emotional and social tolls that chronic pain can bring. If you’re tired of letting pain control your life, it’s time to take action. Contact Dr. Padda and the Center for Interventional Pain Management today to schedule a consultation and start your journey toward natural relief. You don’t have to suffer alone – they offer treatments for complex regional pain syndrome treatment, sciatica pain management, pancreatic pain treatment, and chronic pain management. Let them help you reclaim your life and start living to the fullest.
Living with chronic pain can feel like an endless battle, but finding the right pain management doctor can give you the relief you’ve been searching for. If you’re in St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Padda and his pain medicine team at the Center for Interventional Pain Management offer specialized treatments for complex regional pain syndrome, sciatica pain, pancreatic pain, and other chronic pain conditions. As a board-certified specialist in pain management, addiction, and anesthesia, Dr. Padda has the expertise and experience to help patients find relief from their pain. He and his team are committed to providing personalized care that targets the root causes of the severity of your pain and helps you regain control of your life.
Dr. Padda offers a range of minimally invasive procedures, such as nerve blocks, radiofrequency ablation, pump implantation, peripheral nerve stimulator implantation, and spinal cord stimulation, that can provide targeted relief and significantly improve your mobility and overall well-being. In addition, he prioritizes non-opioid medication management to minimize the risks associated with opioid medications and promote safer, more effective pain relief. At the Center for Interventional Pain Management, we understand that chronic pain can affect physical and emotional well-being. That’s why we take a global approach to pain management that addresses all aspects of your pain, including the emotional and social tolls that chronic pain can bring. In addition, we provide a supportive, caring environment where you feel heard, understood, and valued as a person, not just a patient.
If you’re looking to search for the best pain management doctor near you, here are five essential search tips to keep in mind:
By following these five tips and choosing Dr. Padda as your pain management doctor, you can find the relief you need and start living your life to the fullest again. So don’t let pain control your life any longer—schedule a consultation with Dr. Padda today and take the first step toward real relief.
Chronic Pain can be a debilitating condition that affects every aspect of your life. If you’re in St. Louis, Missouri, you don’t have to suffer alone. Dr. Padda and the Center for Interventional Pain Management offer expert treatment options for chronic pain management, including complex regional pain syndrome treatment, sciatica pain management, and pancreatic pain treatment.
Here are five reasons why you should consider visiting a pain management clinic like Dr. Padda’s:
Don’t let chronic pain control define who you are. Instead, contact Dr. Padda and the Center for Interventional Pain Management today to schedule a consultation for chronic pain management.
Living with chronic Pain can feel like an uphill battle, but it doesn’t have to be that way. If you’re struggling with Pain, Dr. Padda and the pain doctors at the Center for Interventional Pain Management are here to help. So, contact us today to schedule a consultation and start on the path to real pain relief.
Four reasons why you and your doctor should consider contacting Dr. Padda and the Center for Interventional Pain Management:
Don’t let the Pain control your life. Contact Dr. Padda and the Center for Interventional Pain Management today to schedule a consultation. You can reach us at 314-481-5000 or visit our website at www.painmd.tv. Our office is 4477 Woodson Rd, Suite 100, St. Louis, MO 63134. We look forward to helping you find relief.
Living with chronic Pain is a debilitating experience that affects every aspect of your life. Unfortunately, many people try to tough it out or rely on over-the-counter medications, thinking it’s just a part of life. However, the truth is that chronic Pain can have severe consequences if left untreated. That’s why it’s crucial to seek help from a pain management specialist like Dr. Padda and The Center for Interventional Pain Management.
Here are just a few of the consequences that can arise from not seeking help for chronic Pain:
Stop the chronic Pain and regain control with our comprehensive care that includes complex regional pain syndrome treatment, sciatica pain management, pancreatic pain treatment, and chronic pain management. Contact Dr. Padda and The Center for Interventional Pain Management today at 314-481-5000 or visit our website at www.painmd.tv to schedule an appointment. Our clinic is at 4477 Woodson Rd, Suite 100, St. Louis, MO 63134.
We look forward to helping you find relief from your pain and regain control over your life with our expert care that encompasses complex regional pain syndrome treatment, sciatica pain management, pancreatic pain treatment, and chronic pain management.
When it comes to chronic pain, finding the right pain management specialist like Dr. Padda and The Center for Interventional Pain Management can be a life-changing experience. First, however, it’s important to remember that building a relationship with your doctor requires open and honest communication. While it’s essential to be transparent about your symptoms and concerns, there are a few things you should avoid saying to your pain management doctor to ensure you’re getting the best possible care.
Here are five things not to say to your pain management doctor:
Building a relationship with your pain management specialist requires open and honest communication. By avoiding these five things not to say to your pain management doctor for complex regional pain syndrome treatment, sciatica pain management, pancreatic pain treatment, and chronic pain management, you can ensure you get the best care for your chronic pain. Contact Dr. Padda and The Center for Interventional Pain Management today at 314-481-5000 or visit our website at www.painmd.tv to schedule an appointment. Our clinic is at 4477 Woodson Rd, Suite 100, St. Louis, MO 63134. We look forward to helping you find relief from your pain and improving your quality of life.
Summary: The new study found that by whole blood exchange of a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease with the blood of normal, healthy mice, they significantly reduced the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain and improved memory. The exact mechanism is unclear, but the researchers suggest it may involve amyloid-beta mobilization from the brain to the blood. The findings suggest that there may be a target for treating Alzheimer’s disease in the peripheral circulation, which could open new ways of treating the disease.
Alzheimer’s is now among the top ten leading causes of disability and premature death in the US. Regretfully, it is also the condition that has perplexed researchers for a long. More than 100 years of extensive research have failed to produce an effective treatment for the condition. Of course, there are medications that may provide some relief and reduce the severity of the condition. Nonetheless, there isn’t any medical treatment that may significantly alter the course of the disease. Even the latest drug called Leqembi (lecanemab-irmb), approved in 2022 by US FDA, has become a subject of controversy due to its limited benefits.
What is even more worrisome is that science does not fully understand the cause of the disease and how it progresses. All researchers know is faulty or misfolded amyloid protein accumulates in the brain cells due to multiple factors. Higher accumulation of this protein accelerates the death of brain cells. This loss of brain cells in a progressive decline in cognition. Hence, most treatments these days focus on reducing the accumulation of amyloid proteins in the brain. Studies suggest that reducing the accumulation of amyloid protein may slow down the disease’s progress.
One way of reducing the accumulation of these faulty proteins is by cleaning the blood or removing certain toxins from the blood using well-known methods like plasmapheresis or regular blood dialysis. Now a new study shows that this simple method may help considerably slow down the progress of Alzheimer’s. In the new study, researchers looked at a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with a high level of a protein called amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain, which is believed to play a significant role in the development of AD. They found that by whole blood exchange of the mice with AD with blood from normal, healthy mice, they significantly reduced the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain by 40-80%. This reduction in plaques also led to an improvement in the spatial memory of the mice with AD. The researchers are not sure exactly how this blood exchange is able to reduce the plaques and improve memory, but they think it may have something to do with Aβ moving from the brain to the blood. This suggests that there may be a target for treating AD in the peripheral circulation, which could lead to new ways of treating the disease. Though this study is just a proof of concept, but it provides an exciting direction for future studies.
Till now, studies have focused extensively on removing amyloid protein from the brain or reducing its accumulation. However, they have faced one significant barrier: the blood-brain barrier, since many drugs are simply not able to enter the brain in sufficient amounts to work. Additionally, trying to reduce amyloid protein in the brain has not produced satisfactory results. But, this new study shows that researchers might have been working in the wrong direction. Thus, instead of the brain, they need to focus on circulation. They need to identify factors in the blood circulation that lead to amyloid protein accumulation in the brain. Or factors in the blood that might help remove amyloid protein accumulated in the brain. Of course, one of the possible ways in which whole blood exchange works is logical, as the blood from healthy adults does not contain certain factors promoting amyloid protein accumulation.
However, it is pretty likely that these benefits may be due to other reasons. For example, it could be due to the presence or even absence of some other kinds of proteins in the whole blood that helped mice living with Alzheimer’s. It is our mission to bring real hope and transformational change to patients who would otherwise be consigned to a lifetime of medications, doctor’s visits, and suffering. We expose misaligned incentives and return the power of health to the individual, we believe empowered individuals change their communities. We use a combination of lifestyle intervention, medication management, and emerging scientific research to help our patients. When you are ready or have questions, reach out. The content provided herein is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services.
No information in this content should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional, it is provided for thoughtful discussion, informational and educational purposes only.
Summary: PTSD is quite a complex disorder. However, studies show that there are massive individual sensitivities. If a group of people is exposed to a similar kind of trauma, some may develop PTSD, and others not. New studies show that these differences are due to genetics. It also impacts the extent of post traumatic stress disorder treatment. Some people are more resilient. Although changing genes is not possible, altering gene expression through epigenetic alterations is possible. A new study shows that those prone to PTSD have low levels of an enzyme called DNMT3A, causing DNA methylation. This enzyme can be increased by using a supplement for brain health that can donate methyl groups S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) along with vitamin A.
PTSD is more common than we imagine. It often results due to exposure to some traumatic experience. For those living with PTSD, life may be quite difficult, especially considering that there is no effective treatment for the condition.
However, researchers also know that individual sensitivities matter a lot. For example, when two individuals are exposed to similar trauma, one may develop PTSD, and the other not. Therefore, researchers are interested in knowing what makes some people resilient.
Of course, much here is explained by genetic differences between individuals, and changing genes is not possible. However, new studies show that although genes might not be altered, their activity level can be modulated. It is possible to activate certain genes and make other genes less active. This is called “epigenetic alterations.”
Epigenetic alterations occur in all of us during our lifetime. Hence, genes are continually being modulated. However, since changing genes is not an option, researchers are especially paying attention to ways of modulating gene activity. They are exploring new ways of making epigenetic changes.
New studies show that in some people, exposure to trauma in their early life results in “epigenetic alterations,” which is the cause of PTSD. Analysis of the DNA of humans living with PTSD confirms these epigenetic changes.
A research team led by Prof. Gal Yadid of the Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, studied this question. They used animal models to understand how certain epigenetic changes in the brain cause PTSD. Their findings were published in the Nature journal of Molecular Psychiatry.
Epigenetic changes leading to changes in gene activity occur due to a process called DNA methylation. Hence, the researchers studied the epigenetic differences between the mouse models exposed to trauma and developed PTSD signs and those that were resilient.
They found that an enzyme called DNMT3A, which is responsible for DNA methylation, is reduced in animals susceptible to PTSD. It means that increasing the levels of this particular enzyme may make them more resilient. Additionally, they also found that the activity of this particular enzyme is influenced by retinoid acid receptors, which are activated by vitamin A.
They further found that introducing DNMT3A or retinoic acid orphan receptor genes in animal brains could help in post traumatic stress disorder treatment. Hence, confirming the underlying mechanism that predisposes some animals to the condition.
Of course, unlike in animal models, injecting humans with specific genes is not possible. Similarly, editing genes is still not a viable option. However, using certain substances to carry out epigenetic alterations in genes is among the most feasible options.
They found a way to increase DNMT3A by using natural ingredients that can donate methyl groups S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe). And to further activate retinoic acid receptors, they injected animals with vitamin A. They found that such a combination was quite effective at reversing PTSD.
This is among the first such findings showing new treatments for PTSD using natural ingredients. Since epigenetic treatments can change the underlying causes of the disorders, such a treatment can cure PTSD and not just provide symptomatic relief. This could be one of the first treatments to provide prolonged relief to those living with PTSD. Coupled with PTSD counseling, medication is going to show some optimum results.
Moreover, these nutritional ingredients used to treat PTSD are well-known to science and are non-toxic. It means that nutritional supplements containing these organic compounds can be readily introduced to clinical practice.
Padda Institute for Pain Management offers the best treatment for ptsd. The specialists have researched new treatments for ptsd along with the existing ones to provide you all the support you need.
Summary: As doctors are under increased pressure to taper their patients to lower opioid dosage or take them off opioids, some experts have raised concerns that this may not be the right time to do so. A new study suggests that the prevalence of chronic pain has increased in different population groups, both young and older adults and people of different backgrounds. In the last sixteen years, reports of chronic pain have increased by 10%. That is a statistically significant increase.
It is no secret that doctors are under immense pressure not to prescribe opioids. Every prescription is scrutinized by regulatory agencies, in pharmacies. Some prescriptions are even reported to DEA. Hence, doctors are increasingly hesitant to prescribe opioids.
However, most people overlook the fact that this increased need to prescribe is fueled by a higher occurrence of chronic pain. Therefore, when considering opioid abuse or overdose in the national context, it is also essential to consider the pain relief these drugs provide. Many medications like opioids are life-changing and the only drugs that help overcome pain in many cases.
Now, a new study has come up with startling findings that the prevalence of chronic pain has increased considerably during the last two decades.
Studies suggest that more than half of Americans would experience pain requiring treatment during the year. A total of about 20% of the population is living with chronic pains. However, about 8-9% of the population is living with severe chronic pain, which may benefit from opioids. These numbers are already massive, and it is alarming to hear that they are increasing yearly.
As the researchers noticed that people think that the prevalence of chronic pain must be less due to advances in medical science. However, people fail to understand that medicine has increased their lifespan. Therefore, it is really not able to treat many health conditions with much success. Thus, although many people with severe ailments benefit from progress in medical science, others have to live with constant pain.
The researchers say that they were surprised to see that chronic pain has increased over the years. Thus, they tried to look at the data in various ways. For example, they considered things like age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, income, and more. However, to their surprise, the incidence of chronic pain has increased in the very population group1.
For the study, researchers analyzed the data of 441000 respondents from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2002 to 2018. Moreover, they paid special attention to young adults. To their surprise, chronic pain issues are increasing even in young adults. They analyzed reports of migraine, jaw pain, cluster headaches, and joint and low back pain.
The study found that there has been, on average, a 10% increase in chronic pain in the last 16 years. This was true for almost all kinds of pain sites. That is a significant increase.
Of course, the increase was more in the older adults, and that should not come as a surprise, as these are people living with higher BMI and metabolic disorders, hypertension, and diabetes, and thus more likely to from chronic pain. Especially adults aged 65 to 84 years are at a greater risk.
When it comes to social disparities, the study found that socioeconomic disparities are relevant, as chronic pain is more common in deprived groups. Nonetheless, the study found that chronic pain increased in all the groups.
The study had concerning findings, as it found that chronic pain increased in all Americans of different age groups with different health conditions and backgrounds.
Of course, there are some unanswered questions. For example, it is unclear if Americans are really experiencing more pain or reporting more pain in the hope of opioid prescription. Nonetheless, it does appear that people might be reporting pain just to get an opioid prescription. It is more likely that people are now more aware. Further, since they know that opioids can help, they are more likely to seek treatment.
Researchers say they are not advocating for greater opioid use, as they realize that opioids might have also contributed to more reported pain. Nonetheless, these findings cannot be neglected altogether.
Summary: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is among the most difficult-to-treat conditions causing chronic pain and increased sensitivity to various stimuli. Even slight exposure to some irritants may cause severe pain. Thus, the condition is debilitating. In 2018, Johnathan H. Goree, MD, proposed the treatment protocol for the condition. In the new study, researchers validated the protocol and found it quite effective in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome treatment and in reducing allodynia. Some pains are quite challenging to treat, causing allodynia, a condition when even some common irritants that generally do not cause pain may cause severe pain in such individuals. One such example of a chronic and painful condition with a reduced pain threshold is complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). CRPS remains quite a poorly understood condition, as its pathogenesis is unclear. Nonetheless, there has been much progress in new treatments for CRPS over the years. Moreover, many doctors and pain specialists now realize it as a distinct pathological condition requiring a specific treatment approach. In 2018, Johnathan H. Goree, MD, develope`d a treatment protocol for CRPS. This treatment protocol recommends using gabapentin, bisphosphonates, ketamine, stellate ganglion blocks, and neuromodulation through occupational therapy, and it also recommends quitting smoking. Although this protocol was produced after years of research, in medicine, any protocol can only be widely accepted if it has been validated in multiple studies and in different population groups2. After all, any treatment recommendation is of little value if its results cannot be repeated in different clinical settings. Furthermore, there is always a risk that the person who created the protocol missed something. However, now, a new study shows that this treatment protocol works. The protocol was validated in an independent study by Mi Mi Kim, M.D., M.P.H., Loren Guzman, M.D., and Johnathan Goree, M.D. from the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR. They shared the findings of their study at a 19th Annual Pain Medicine Meeting. The treatment protocol consists of four primary areas of focus; pain management, sympathetic nerve block, occupational therapy, and smoking cessation. In the study, patients received 300 mg gabapentin thrice daily, 35 mg alendronate daily, 10% topical ketamine, and some other painkillers like tramadol. For nerve blockers, they mainly used bupivacaine plus epinephrine. After one month of treatment, most patients reported significant benefits in treating CRPS symptoms. Those who reported significant benefits continued with home-based therapy and occupational therapy. The therapy was repeated in the patients who responded to treatment in the early stages but stopped responding later. The study involved 25 patients, and all reported significant benefits. In addition, the benefit was proportional to therapy adherence. 40% of the participants in the study reported significantly improved range of motion. However, this improvement was close to 85% in patients with better adherence to the therapy. Similarly, 60% of patients reported reduced allodynia. Again, this improvement was barely 11% in those with poor treatment adherence but above 80% in those with more or less good treatment adherence. The researchers found that bisphosphonate use and stellate ganglion blocks highly correlated to reported benefits. They also noted that issues like depression, anxiety, and opioid use in the initial presentation did not make a difference in the final outcomes. This means that this treatment protocol is good for different kinds of patients. In short, the study could validate the proposed treatment protocol for CRPS. It found that benefit from the treatment protocol was significant only if patients adhered to the prescribed treatment. Moreover, the study also found that even those with moderate adherence benefited significantly. Only those with very poor adherence did not report any benefit. CRPS is among the most challenging-to-treat conditions causing chronic pain and reduced pain threshold. The pain is debilitating in most cases, and patients do not respond to the most commonly used pain treatments. Thus, this new treatment protocol offers hope.
Read more about how we approach ketamine for RSD and CRPS at the Padda Institute, including candidacy, monitoring and the off-label status of this use.
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